Why & When IV Cannula is Used

Why & When IV Cannula is Used
- Used when medicines, glucose, fluids, or blood need to go **directly into the bloodstream** quickly.
- Essential when patient has severe vomiting/loose motions → body is dehydrated, oral medicines won't work (they come out).

Where It Is Inserted
- Inserted into **veins** (సిరలు / veins), **not arteries** (ఆర్టరీస్).
- Arteries have high pressure → from heart to body → injections not given there.
- Veins have low pressure → carry blood back to heart → safe for IV fluids/medicines/blood.
- Most commonly inserted in **hand/arm** veins (from wrist upwards).

Parts of IV Cannula
- Comes with a sharp **needle** (for insertion) + soft flexible plastic **cannula tube** (stays inside vein).
- Needle is removed after insertion → only soft, flexible tube remains (bends easily without breaking, safe for movement at wrist/elbow).
- Sterile packed → prevents infection.

Color Coding & Sizes (Gauge)
- Different **colors** indicate different sizes (thickness).
- Smaller gauge number = **thicker/larger** diameter → faster flow (e.g., for blood).
- Larger gauge number = **thinner/smaller** diameter → slower flow (e.g., for children).
- Common examples (as mentioned in video):
  - **Yellow** → very small/thin → preferred for small children.
  - **Green** → larger/thicker → preferred for blood transfusion (thick blood flows easily).
- Higher numbers like 20G, 22G, 24G shown → smaller size = thinner cannula.

Why Multiple Pricks (Failures) Happen
- Often 1 prick is enough, but sometimes 3–4 attempts needed.
- Reasons for failure:
  - Veins not visible (fat layer in obese patients hides veins).
  - Thin/fragile veins.
  - Double prick (needle enters & exits vein again).
  - Vein moves during insertion.
- To reduce failure:
  - Tie tight tourniquet → makes veins swell/visible.
  - Ask patient to clench fist/exercise hand → more blood flow.
  - Clean with spirit → kills germs + helps vein swell slightly.
  - Stretch skin → straightens vein.
  - Insert at correct **angle** (parallel to vein, not straight down).
  - Confirm blood flash back → then advance slowly.

 Modern Technology
- **Light-guided IV cannulation** → special light shows exact vein location clearly (very helpful in obese patients or difficult veins).



Hope this Information Helps

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